7 vet-approved ways to look after your dog in the cold

As we prepare for the colder months and unearth our winter wardrobe, dig out the thicker duvet and pop the heating on, attention ought to turn towards our four-legged friends, too. We asked, veterinary surgeon, broadcaster and friend of Goodwoof, Dr Scott Miller  questions on how to care for our dogs during the seasonal change in the weather.

What are some of the health concerns that dogs can experience when it’s cold?

Here in the UK, one thing is for sure: we’re likely to experience several months of cold weather. While we might think that dogs are totally fine during the winter because of their coats and that they’re used to climate change, there are some risks such as:

1. Hypothermia: a dog’s average temperature is around 38.3 to 39.2°C, but a hypothermic dog will measure around 37.2°C. Signs of hypothermia might include (but aren’t limited to) shivering, lethargy, a weak pulse or shallow breathing.

2. Frostbite: Similarly to humans, frostbite is a risk for dogs during the cold months – particularly when there's snow and ice on the ground. Paws, ears and tails are the areas most susceptible to frostbite and signs can include discolouration of the skin - your dog might lick or chew the affected area - swelling, pain and coldness when touched.

3. Arthritis: For dogs who have arthritis, the change in weather can worsen symptoms, again, much like humans who have the condition. Your dog might be slower and stiffer in the morning, so it’s important to ease them into the day and give them time to gently move their joints before you head out and about.

Are some dogs more at risk than others in cold weather?

Yes, absolutely. Smaller dogs and breeds that are naturally thinner such as greyhounds whippets or Italian greyhounds, can struggle to stay warm when it’s cold out – you’ll often see them with their little winter coats on. Similarly to humans, age can be a risk factor when it comes to being exposed to the cold, so young pups and older dogs may be more vulnerable as they can struggle to regulate their body temperature. For obvious reasons, dogs with thinner coats such as pugs, Boston terriers, chihuahuas and Jack Russells can feel the chill more, too. And finally, dogs who have existing health conditions such as arthritis, heart or kidney disease and diabetes can see symptoms worsen when it’s cold.

Dr Scott’s 7 top tips for looking after dogs in a cold snap

1. Keep a routine (but be smart)

You might not feel like going out when it’s super cold, but remember that walking your dog is important for their health, socialisation, bonding and maintaining a healthy weight. If it’s really cold out, keep your walks to 20 minutes and always look for any signs that your dog is getting too cold. Avoid going out with your dog when it’s -4℃; remember, missing the odd walk is fine, you can always have some fun play-time indoors instead?

2. Get your dog suitable winter clothing

Not all dogs need a winter jacket for their walks. Larger breeds with thicker fur (think huskies, who are used to extreme weather) are generally winter-ready and will be fine to go on their walks. That said, smaller dogs, or those with thinner coats, will need to wear a dog jacket, jumper or socks. Paws can be an area we forget about, so dog shoes are great for when it’s cold out.

3. Be sensible in the snow

Healthy dogs are fine to take out for walks in the snow, ideally during the day when temperatures are not quite as bracing. Limit your walk to 20 minutes, and be sure to check your dog’s paws when you stop or get home and remove any snow or ice that may have got lodged there. You might find it useful to trim the fur on your dog’s feet to prevent ice or snow getting stuck. 

4. Never leave your dog outside in the cold

Dogs are man’s best friend, and so they deserve to be treated that way. Never leave them outside without a warm shelter – this also goes for leaving them in the car where temperatures can drop very rapidly.

5. Give them warm meals and water

Imagine coming back from a cold walk and being given a cold salad or bowl of ice cream! During the winter, try adding a little warm water to your dog’s food just to give them a bit of warmth. You can also add some warm water to their water bowl. Be mindful that dogs can become dehydrated in the cold as much as they can in the hotter months, so always ensure your furry friend has plenty to drink. While dogs might need more calories in the winter, don’t go overboard. As I mentioned before, they might be doing fewer or shorter walks, so be mindful of weight gain, which can lead to other health conditions. 

6. Don’t let your dog overheat

While you might be inclined to pop your dog in their winter jumper, crank up the heating and get their heated pad or bedding out, dogs can easily become overheated, leading to heatstroke (signs can include, but not limited to, panting, extreme drooling, vomiting and weakness). While this is extremely rare, it is something to be conscious of. Don’t overdress your dog and keep your home warm, but not hot.

7. Know how to warm your dog up correctly

If your dog has been exposed to the cold and you need to warm them up, it’s important to do it gradually. Firstly, get them inside and if they’re wet, dry them off with a towel. Remove any snow or ice from their coat and in between their paws. Offer them some warm (not hot) food and water and give them access to a heated dog-pad or blanket.

When should you take your dog to see a vet?

• If your dog has been panting for more than five minutes after being removed from a cold environment.

• If they show signs of hypothermia or frostbite.

• If you think they have experienced heat stroke. Keep a close eye on them over the coming days and if they’re not eating or are not themselves, then see a vet.

• Many pet insurers offer advice over the phone, which can be a useful resource if you’re concerned.

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